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How does thermal planning typically arrange buildings?

  1. Based on aesthetic appeal

  2. Randomly

  3. In accordance with their heat and temperature needs

  4. To maximize external views

The correct answer is: In accordance with their heat and temperature needs

Thermal planning in building arrangement is primarily focused on optimizing the thermal performance and energy efficiency of structures. This involves assessing how buildings interact with their surrounding environment, taking into account factors such as solar gain, wind patterns, and temperature variations. By arranging buildings based on their specific heat and temperature requirements, architects and planners can create spaces that naturally maintain comfortable indoor climates. For instance, positioning buildings to maximize solar exposure can help harness passive solar heating, while considering the cooling needs in warmer months. This arrangement can also lead to better airflow and reduce the need for mechanical heating and cooling systems, resulting in energy savings. Additionally, understanding the heat characteristics of different areas will allow for better resource allocation and planning, ensuring that buildings use energy more efficiently and contribute positively to their environment. The other options do not align with the primary focus of thermal planning. Aesthetic appeal and maximizing views may be important considerations but are not the core principles of energy efficiency. Random arrangements do not consider the functional needs of the buildings and lead to inefficiencies in energy use. Hence, the correct arrangement is indeed based on their heat and temperature needs, which supports the overall goal of sustainable design.